Mapa de Comandos Essenciais ao Linux

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Abaixo está a transcrição dos comandos principais, organizados por categorias:

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📁 Arquivos e Navegação

Comando	Descrição
ls	directory listing (list all files/folders on current dir)
ls -l	formatted listing
ls -a	formatted listing including hidden files1
cd dir2	change directory to dir (dir will be directory name)3
cd ..4	change to parent directory5
cd /dir6	change to dir in parent directory7
cd /8	change to home directory9
pwd10	show current11 directory
mkdir dir	create a directory dir
rm file	delete file
rm -r dir	force remove file
rm -f file	force remove file
rm -rf dir	remove directory dir
mv file1 file2	move file1 to file2
cp file1 file2	copy file1 to file2
ln file1 file2	move/link file1 to file2 as file2
touch file	create an empty file
cat file	output contents of file
cat > file	write content/output into file
cat >> file	append standard input into file
tail -f file	output contents of file as it grows

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🖥️ Informações do Sistema

Comando	Descrição
date	show current date/time
uptime	show uptime
w/who	show who's logged in as
ps	display processes
cat /proc/cpuinfo	display cpu info
cat /proc/meminfo	memory info
free	show memory and swap usage
du	show directory space usage
du -sh	show readable sizes in GB
df	show disk usage
uname -a	show kernel config

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🌐 Redes

Comando	Descrição
ping host	ping host
whois domain	show whois for domain
dig domain	get DNS for domain
dig -x host	reverse lookup host
wget file	download file
wget -c file	continue stopped download
wget -r url	recursively download files from url
curl url	display the webpage from url
curl -o mail:mailto url	write a page to mail:mailto.html
ssh user@host	connect/login as user
ssh -p port user@host	connect using port
ssh -D port user@host	connect & use bind port

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⚙️ Processos

Comando	Descrição
ps	display currently active processes
ps aux	detailed outputs
kill pid	kill process with process id (pid)
killall proc	kill all processes named proc

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📦 Compressão

Comando	Descrição
tar cf file.tar files	tar files into file.tar
tar xf file.tar	untar into current directory
tar tf file.tar	show contents of archive

Opções do tar:
c - create archive	j - bzip2 compression
t - table of contents	w - ask for confirmation
x - extract	k - do not overwrite
z - gzip/zip	f - file from file
v - specify filename	v - verbose

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🔒 Permissões

Comando	Descrição
chmod octal file	change permissions of file

Permissões (Octal):
4 - read (r)	2 - write (w)
1 - execute (x)	0 - no permission

order: owner/group/world
chmod 777 - rwx for everyone	chmod 755 - rwx for owner, rx for group world

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✨ Outros

Comando	Descrição
grep pattern files	search in files for pattern
grep -r pattern dir	search for pattern recursively in dir
locate file	find all instances of file
which/apropos app	show possible locations of app
man command	show manual page for command